Semantic function Socioative case in Tamil
Dr. M. Selvadurai
Senior Resource Person
Central Institute of Classical Tamil
Kamarajar Salai, Chennai-05
Email: selva_ling@rediffmail.com
Cell No.96262866600
This paper attempts to study the socioative case in Tamil. The socioative case may be called by several terms such as “conjunctive case and commutative case” Winfield uses. The Associative” for this case .The sociative meaning corresponds to “with” in English. Adding the sociative case marker “ootu” to the noun forms the sociative construction.
Example.
raman kumarotu vantan.
“Raman came with Kumar”
Accompaniment is the decisive feature in the meaning of the sociative case .we can stress this point by citing
Example:
raman kumarootu vantan “ Raman came with Kumar”
ramanum kumarum vantarkal “Raman and Kumar came ”
The two sentences look alike, they have diffent deep structures. The sentence “raman kumarootu vantan. Has the deep structures raman kumarootu cerntu vantan. Raman came together with kumar. In this context, we can put this interrogation only that is the deep structures: raman yarootu vantan? The answer for this interrogation is raman kumarootu vantan. This also stresses the accompaniment. This sentence ramanum kumarum vantarkal. Can show ambiguity .It can give two types of interpretations.
Example:
ramanum kumarum tanit taniye: vantarkal
“Raman and Kumar came separately”
ramanum kumarum cerntu vantarkal
“Raman and Kumar came together with”
If the above sentence explaing the first interpretation.that is “ramanum kumarum tanit taniye: vantarkal” it can be separated into two simple sentence. If the above sentence give the meaning fo the second interpretation, that is “ ramanum kumarum cerntu antarkal” it cannot be spelt into the simple sentence .For this sentences “ ramanum kumarum vantarkal” we can put this interpretation only that is Yar yar vantarkal? The answer is ramanum kumarum vantarkal. Here accompaniment is not pointed out.
The post-positiong Kuta and Utan are used to denote the sociative meaning.
Example:
raja appa ku:ta ponan “Raja went with father”
raja appautan ponan “Raja went with father”
Lakoff has said that Replacive is considered as a sub –part with in the sociative case. Replacive and sociative are not independent. Replacive is marked by the post-position Patilaka “instead of” In the replacive single surface structure is derived form two simple sentences.
1. The Sociative marker ootu can also give the sense of Limitation
Example:
natagam nalaiootu mutiyam “Drama will end tomorrow”
This sentence has deep structure
natagam nalaiootu mutiyam “Drama will end tomorrow”
2 The Sociative marker ootu is used the sense of urgency.
Example: kaiyootu kotu “give at once”
This sentence has deep structure utane: kotu “give at once”
3. The Sociative marker ootu has the verbal function in the deep structure.
Example: panattootu va; “come with money”
This sentence has deep structure panattootu va; “come taking money with you. Here the Sociative marker ootu has the verbal function. etuttukkontu.
4. The Sociative marker ootu is used the sense among.
Example:
aval kastattootu kastamaka natital. “She acted with difficultly”
This sentence has deep structure is aval kastankalukku itaiyll natital. “She acted in between several difficulties
5. The Sociative marker ootu is used the sense restriction.
Example:
aval ennai kappiyootu anuppinal. “ She gave me coffee only.
This sentence has deep structure. aval enakku kappi mattum kotuttu anuppinal. “ She sent me after giving coffee only.
6. The Sociative marker ootu is used the sense of temporal expression.
Example:
aval vanta kaiyootu nan ponen . ‘I went as soon as she came.
This sentence has deep structure. aval vantavutane: nan ponen I went soon as she came.
7. The Socioative marker ootu is used in the Locative meaning. There two types of Locative namely. Locative (in) Locative (through)
Example:
Locative (in)
aval rakaciyamay katootu connon, “she told secretly in the ear” This sentence has deep structure aval katil rakaciyamay connon, “ she told secretly in the ear.
Locative (through)
Example:
aval tervuootu ponal. “She went through the street”
This sentence has deep structure aval teru valiyaka ponal. “She went through the street.
8. The Sociative marker ootu can give the emphatic meaning
Example:
aval iravootu iravaka ponal. “She went at night itself”
This sentence has deep structure. aval iravileye: ponal. “She went at night itself.
9. The Sociative marker ootu can give the comparative meaning. Which conveys the manner notion.
Example:
aval nataiyootu nammal nataka mutiyatu. “We cannot walk along with his speed”
This sentence has deep structure. : aval natakkinra vekattaip pola nammal nataka mutiyatu. “We cannot walk along with his speed”
10. The Sociative marker ootu can express the sense of settlement also.
Example:
aval urootu pokiral . “She is going to settle at native place”.
This sentence has deep structure. aval tan conta urile(ye) tanka pokiral . “She is going to stay at his native place”.
11. The Sociative marker ootu can function at adverb of manner. The Sociative marker ootu can be substituted by the adverb of manner aka when we add the Sociative marker ootu to the abstract noun .we can get the adverb of manner.
Example:
aval kopattootu connal. “She told with anger”
This sentence has deep structure aval kopa makac connal. “She told anger”
12. The Sociative marker ootu can give the meaning in addition.
Example:
aval vitu teti vantaootu vitavillai. “She did not keep quiet by merely coming to house .Its deep structure contains two sentences.
1. aval vitu teti vantal . She came to house.
2. attutan aval vitavillai. Mere that she did not levee.
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